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治療兒童倒及牙的黃金時期

「倒及牙」指在咬合時,下顎牙齒較上顎牙齒更突出,倒及牙成因一般是遺傳或自身基因問題。倒及牙不但會影響外觀及自信,患者亦會失去門牙切割食物的功能,令進食困難,變相過份依賴後排牙齒而令其較容易磨蝕。一般來說,若倒及程度輕微,可透過箍牙並配合骨釘作治療,令咬合回復正常。若嚴重倒及,或需以正頜手術來重置及固定上下顎骨的位置。

倒及牙成因

顎骨性倒及牙
顎骨性倒及牙常見成因:下顎過長、上顎過短和最常見的混合性上下顎問題。下顎牙骨相對較長及向前生長,令側面看起來下巴較上顎突出較多,形成俗稱的「鞋揪面」。

牙齒性倒及牙
牙齒性倒及牙常見成因:牙齒生長位置及角度問題而導致(例如上門牙生長角度垂直或下門牙向前傾)。下顎牙骨及整體咬合正常,但下顎牙齒在咬合時較上顎牙齒更為突出。

顎骨性和牙齒性的倒及牙的處理方法略有不同,但若能及早正視問題,可避免日後出現更嚴重或複雜問題,治療方案亦會相對簡單。

治療倒及牙的黃金時期

如果家長懷疑小朋友有倒及牙,當他們將長出恆齒門牙時(約六歲至七歲)可找註冊牙醫或口腔頷面外科專科醫生作詳細評估。

治療倒及牙的黃金時期

如果兒童屬於:

牙齒性倒及牙

  • 及早矯正一般可以改善此問題

顎骨性倒及牙

  • 一般需要待發育停止才能進行(約18-20歲),避免顎骨在矯正後繼續生長,影響治療效果。換句話說,如果醫生判斷患者必須透過手術才可以達到效果,即使很早發現小朋友有倒及牙,也要等待較長的時間才可以接受相關手術

倒及牙治療

一般來說,若倒及程度輕微,可透過箍牙並配合骨釘作治療,令咬合回復正常。若嚴重倒及的話,或需以正頜手術來重置及固定上下顎骨的位置。

倒及牙治療

傳統的正頜流程︰先箍牙後手術:

  • 患者通常在手術前接受約一年至一年半的矯齒
  • 其後讓口腔頷面外科專科醫生再根據實際決定手術計劃
  • 術後亦有機會需再矯齒半年,來穩定牙齒的位置

較新穎的正頜流程︰先手術後箍牙:

  • 病人先接受正頜手術
  • 再矯齒約一年多
  • 病人可以立即矯正顎骨問題,手術後牙齒的移動速度亦較快,整個療程時間會較短(但此方法並非所有人適用,例如原本牙齒排列凌亂)

以上只供參考,有關詳情及實際治療方案,建議向口腔頷面外科專註冊牙醫諮詢。

EC Dental Care 醫思口腔診所位於︰旺角、銅鑼灣、中環及尖沙咀,擁有專業的註冊牙科醫生及細心的醫療團隊,提供一站式牙科服務。如有疑問,歡迎致電或 WhatsApp 我們。

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